Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/ slices of my life in Peru Sun, 13 Mar 2011 13:56:36 +0000 hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.1 Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/comment-page-1/#comment-2159 The devastating price of silver & gold « Rachel in Peru! Sun, 07 Feb 2010 17:24:02 +0000 http://americaninlima.com/?p=1063#comment-2159 [...] Reaction to CNN’s “Planet in Peril: Battle Lines” on Toxic La Oroya Mines [...] [...] Reaction to CNN’s “Planet in Peril: Battle Lines” on Toxic La Oroya Mines [...]

]]> Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/comment-page-1/#comment-982 Doe Run in Herculaneum Still Poisoning Inhabitants: A U.S. Resident Speaks Out | An American in Lima Mon, 12 Jan 2009 01:01:39 +0000 http://americaninlima.com/?p=1063#comment-982 [...] Comments Sharon on Reaction to CNN’s “Planet in Peril: Battle Lines” on Toxic La Oroya MinesBarb on Surquillo Market No. 1Miguel on Surquillo Market No. 1Miguel on Salami Sandwich ManMiguel on [...] [...] Comments Sharon on Reaction to CNN’s “Planet in Peril: Battle Lines” on Toxic La Oroya MinesBarb on Surquillo Market No. 1Miguel on Surquillo Market No. 1Miguel on Salami Sandwich ManMiguel on [...]

]]> Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/comment-page-1/#comment-981 Sharon Sat, 10 Jan 2009 22:23:45 +0000 http://americaninlima.com/?p=1063#comment-981 I am thankful that anyone...anyone at all did a story on the lead contamination in Peru. However, I would like to see a story done with the title, 'The Two Faces of Doe Run'. You see, Doe Run is a beloved company in the communities that they operate in. This is orchestrated by Doe Run, in order to keep people quiet, smooth them over, and slap a smile on their face. They sponser so many things in the community that people get to thinking about all the 'goodies' that would be lost if Doe Run packed up and moved away. I was shocked to find out how many people would defend the company that was contaminating them and their families. It seemed that they were in some sort of denial not unlike something you would see on the 'Twilight Zone'. The story that was done with the people in Peru showed much the same sort of thing. Doe Run gives them a school and employs so many of their people, that if the company pulled out, the community would be finacially impacted very heavily. I live in the Herculaneum, Missouri school district here in the United States where the 'other' Doe Run facility is located. They still do not have that site cleaned up to the satisfaction of the EPA. They continue to pollute and we continue to let them. It has been such an uphill battle to go against Doe Run here, that I feel very sorry for the people of Peru. They may never get any real help. I went to Herculaneum Schools from 1984-1989. (There is a Junior High and a High School located in close proximity to the lead smelter.) This is the period of time just before Doe Run got concerned enough to build a new smoke stack, and put in the bag house that is supposed to filter out the sulphur dioxide and turn it into sulphuric acid that is a sellable product. During that time, the contamination was visible in the air, you could taste it in your mouth as you breathed it in, you had to wipe the yellow residue off your car everyday, and people just accepted it as a reality. There was a yellow cloud that laid like a thick fog in the air choking the environment to the point that gym teachers would not allow class to be held outdoors. When a student, like myself, would run the track around the football field, it tasted like sucking on a book of matches, because the sulphur dioxide was so very thick in the air. What we didn't know, was that there were other harmful heavy metals that came along with the sulphur, ...like arsenic, zinc, nickel, cadmium ...the list goes on and on. No one seemed to care much, or if they did, their complaints fell on deaf ears. Doe Run is just 'too big'. I suppose that is what the people in that small town in Peru are still facing everyday with that smelter being in their community. Even when the EPA and other government agencies got involved, they were less than helpful. It seemed to me that they were defending Doe Run, not sticking up for the community of people whom were being contaminated. They seemed to parrot the same message over and over, that , 'only children six years of age and younger were at risk of harmful effects of lead'. I raised my hand at one of the meetings and asked, "Have you ever seen lead contamination this bad anywhere else, at any other time?" The answer to that question was, 'No.' I then added, "So what medical precident has been set for an official position stating that no one else is at risk?" I had a grandfather who died of uremic kidney poisoning after working in the lead mines in San Francios County his whole life. That county neighbors Jefferson County where Doe Run is located and has been a major source of lead for them over the years. I don't buy the theory that ONLY kids six and under suffer. It is very simple for my mind to process the facts that if heavy metals go in, it is difficult to get them out of the body. The kidneys are the main filter for contamination in the body. I think more study should be done on this. Out of frustration, the Herculaneum community formed the CAG group, (Community Action Group), to make their voices heard. Then the CAG pushed for all the children to be tested for lead poisoning. The results were staggering. Children in the mile radius of the smelter were heavily contaminted with lead. All of this is going on AFTER the new and improved smoke stack has been in operation. I would like to see some medical studies done on the population of people that lived and worked in the community before the new smoke stack went into operation when the contamination was at it's worst. The community is not just dealing with lead. There are many different contaminants coming out of that smoke stack. Lead gets the spotlight, but there are other serious environmental impacting contaminants that seem to have gone unnoticed. The issue is so big that we tend to focus only on the impact to people of the community. The Mississippi River is being contaminated, the wildlife and vegetation around the smelter is being effected, the trains and trucks leaving the facility also contaminate everywhere they go by spillage and dust that falls from them. The air, the soil, and the water are all affected. This is not old news, the contamination still exists, and I am still concerned. I really hope that more stories are done about this factory both here in Herculaneum, Missouri and in the small town of La Oroya, Peru. Our hearts are with them. I am thankful that anyone…anyone at all did a story on the lead contamination in Peru. However, I would like to see a story done with the title, ‘The Two Faces of Doe Run’. You see, Doe Run is a beloved company in the communities that they operate in. This is orchestrated by Doe Run, in order to keep people quiet, smooth them over, and slap a smile on their face. They sponser so many things in the community that people get to thinking about all the ‘goodies’ that would be lost if Doe Run packed up and moved away. I was shocked to find out how many people would defend the company that was contaminating them and their families. It seemed that they were in some sort of denial not unlike something you would see on the ‘Twilight Zone’.
The story that was done with the people in Peru showed much the same sort of thing. Doe Run gives them a school and employs so many of their people, that if the company pulled out, the community would be finacially impacted very heavily.
I live in the Herculaneum, Missouri school district here in the United States where the ‘other’ Doe Run facility is located. They still do not have that site cleaned up to the satisfaction of the EPA. They continue to pollute and we continue to let them.
It has been such an uphill battle to go against Doe Run here, that I feel very sorry for the people of Peru. They may never get any real help.
I went to Herculaneum Schools from 1984-1989. (There is a Junior High and a High School located in close proximity to the lead smelter.) This is the period of time just before Doe Run got concerned enough to build a new smoke stack, and put in the bag house that is supposed to filter out the sulphur dioxide and turn it into sulphuric acid that is a sellable product. During that time, the contamination was visible in the air, you could taste it in your mouth as you breathed it in, you had to wipe the yellow residue off your car everyday, and people just accepted it as a reality. There was a yellow cloud that laid like a thick fog in the air choking the environment to the point that gym teachers would not allow class to be held outdoors. When a student, like myself, would run the track around the football field, it tasted like sucking on a book of matches, because the sulphur dioxide was so very thick in the air. What we didn’t know, was that there were other harmful heavy metals that came along with the sulphur, …like arsenic, zinc, nickel, cadmium …the list goes on and on. No one seemed to care much, or if they did, their complaints fell on deaf ears. Doe Run is just ‘too big’. I suppose that is what the people in that small town in Peru are still facing everyday with that smelter being in their community.
Even when the EPA and other government agencies got involved, they were less than helpful. It seemed to me that they were defending Doe Run, not sticking up for the community of people whom were being contaminated. They seemed to parrot the same message over and over, that , ‘only children six years of age and younger were at risk of harmful effects of lead’. I raised my hand at one of the meetings and asked, “Have you ever seen lead contamination this bad anywhere else, at any other time?” The answer to that question was, ‘No.’ I then added, “So what medical precident has been set for an official position stating that no one else is at risk?”
I had a grandfather who died of uremic kidney poisoning after working in the lead mines in San Francios County his whole life. That county neighbors Jefferson County where Doe Run is located and has been a major source of lead for them over the years. I don’t buy the theory that ONLY kids six and under suffer. It is very simple for my mind to process the facts that if heavy metals go in, it is difficult to get them out of the body. The kidneys are the main filter for contamination in the body. I think more study should be done on this.
Out of frustration, the Herculaneum community formed the CAG group, (Community Action Group), to make their voices heard. Then the CAG pushed for all the children to be tested for lead poisoning. The results were staggering. Children in the mile radius of the smelter were heavily contaminted with lead. All of this is going on AFTER the new and improved smoke stack has been in operation.
I would like to see some medical studies done on the population of people that lived and worked in the community before the new smoke stack went into operation when the contamination was at it’s worst.
The community is not just dealing with lead. There are many different contaminants coming out of that smoke stack. Lead gets the spotlight, but there are other serious environmental impacting contaminants that seem to have gone unnoticed.
The issue is so big that we tend to focus only on the impact to people of the community. The Mississippi River is being contaminated, the wildlife and vegetation around the smelter is being effected, the trains and trucks leaving the facility also contaminate everywhere they go by spillage and dust that falls from them. The air, the soil, and the water are all affected.
This is not old news, the contamination still exists, and I am still concerned. I really hope that more stories are done about this factory both here in Herculaneum, Missouri and in the small town of La Oroya, Peru. Our hearts are with them.

]]> Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/comment-page-1/#comment-902 Barb Wed, 17 Dec 2008 19:37:55 +0000 http://americaninlima.com/?p=1063#comment-902 Ward -- you're welcome. Your perspective as a humanitarian businessperson (business-oriented?) person living in Peru is appreciated. :) Ah, Jacob -- Thanks for sharing with my readers details on the interrelations between Doe Run Peru and the Peruvian gov't. I agree that both entities share blame, but I believe it takes influence from outside agencies to put pressure on the Peruvian gov't to change its practices. Gracias for the links. Great that there's a Facebook Group for La Oroya. Readers: If you care about these issues, please visit ManosPeru.org and the other credible links suggested by Jacob and Sara. And do what you can to help. Keeping this subject alive is KEY right now because it affords an opportunity (finally) for the parties responsible for this tragedy to own up, and for real, lasting solutions to be put into effect. Many Peruvians despair of there being any real change, but those of us who have seen environmental proction acts put into effect and enforced in other countries know that change can and does happen. (Example: U.S. ban on CFC's in aerosol sprays in the late '70s, which has decreased ozone-depleting CFCs in the environment.) Ward — you’re welcome. Your perspective as a humanitarian businessperson (business-oriented?) person living in Peru is appreciated. :)

Ah, Jacob — Thanks for sharing with my readers details on the interrelations between Doe Run Peru and the Peruvian gov’t. I agree that both entities share blame, but I believe it takes influence from outside agencies to put pressure on the Peruvian gov’t to change its practices.

Gracias for the links. Great that there’s a Facebook Group for La Oroya.

Readers: If you care about these issues, please visit ManosPeru.org and the other credible links suggested by Jacob and Sara. And do what you can to help. Keeping this subject alive is KEY right now because it affords an opportunity (finally) for the parties responsible for this tragedy to own up, and for real, lasting solutions to be put into effect.

Many Peruvians despair of there being any real change, but those of us who have seen environmental proction acts put into effect and enforced in other countries know that change can and does happen. (Example: U.S. ban on CFC’s in aerosol sprays in the late ’70s, which has decreased ozone-depleting CFCs in the environment.)

]]> Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/comment-page-1/#comment-901 Jacob Goad Wed, 17 Dec 2008 16:47:29 +0000 http://americaninlima.com/?p=1063#comment-901 Also, for more information on emissions in La Oroya please check out: Real time stats: http://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/aire/index.aspx Monthly monitoring reports: http://www.osinerg.gob.pe/newweb/pages/GFM/1526.htm Peace, Jacob Also, for more information on emissions in La Oroya please check out:

Real time stats:
http://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/aire/index.aspx

Monthly monitoring reports:
http://www.osinerg.gob.pe/newweb/pages/GFM/1526.htm

Peace,

Jacob

]]> Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/comment-page-1/#comment-900 Jacob Goad Wed, 17 Dec 2008 16:37:20 +0000 http://americaninlima.com/?p=1063#comment-900 Hey Barb, It is important to maintain credibility in this debate about what is going on in La Oroya, and for a topic of such vital importance for the people of La Oroya, where most children have lead levels that exceed what the World Health Organization says is safe, it is important to be precise and not make too many assumptions. There is a lot of scientific evidence here (blood level studies, air quality studies, soil studies, dust levels, etc.) on this case that clearly implicates both the company and the Peruvian government. The CNN "Planet in Peril: Battlelines" segment did not talk a lot about the government's responsibility in protecting the people of La Oroya, which is unfortunate. One of the things that has become increasingly clear as I have been living in Peru and following the case of La Oroya is to see that the government has written reports condemning contamination in La Oroya and then later not taking its own advise to enact precautionary measures. The Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Energy and Mines, OSINERGMIN, and the Ministry of the Environment are all now implicated in the public health crisis in La Oroya. Minister Brack of the Ministry of the Environment would do well to use the authority that has been given to him to begin to address the situation in La Oroya with all of the ministers. On the other hand, the company must fulfill its environmental obligations by complying with the PAMA(Program de Adecuacion y Manejo Ambiental). It appears that it has not been complying with the PAMA, and so that is why the government (OSINERGMIN) must be pressured to apply the needed sanctions and to follow up on fines that have not been paid. I'd be glad to send you the format of a letter to write OSINERGMIN. Perhaps the most important action that could be taken, which was explained well by CNN, is for the company and its owner, Ira Rennert, to apply all of the same technologies in La Oroya that are being used in Herculaneum, so as not "environmentally discriminate" against the children of Peru. That was the question that I raised with CNN when they were down here in Peru. It is clear that even if the company were to comply with its environmental responsibilities, then it still wouldn't bring pollution levels down to Herculaneum's levels, even from a couple of years ago. Please remember what Tom Kruzen said. Herculaneum is no paradise either. The Peruvian government must be persuaded by the Interamerican Commission on Human Rights (part of the OAS) to take steps that would change the emissions situation in La Oroya. Also, the contaminated soil around La Oroya must be remediated and that responsibility also falls mostly on the shoulders of the government. I'd also like to take this opportunity to invite you to a few different websites where you can find more information about La Oroya and Ira Rennert. www.manosperu.org www.savelaoroya.org www.amigosdelaoroya.org You may also join the facebook group "La Oroya que Soñamos" Thanks for listening. Hey Barb,

It is important to maintain credibility in this debate about what is going on in La Oroya, and for a topic of such vital importance for the people of La Oroya, where most children have lead levels that exceed what the World Health Organization says is safe, it is important to be precise and not make too many assumptions.

There is a lot of scientific evidence here (blood level studies, air quality studies, soil studies, dust levels, etc.) on this case that clearly implicates both the company and the Peruvian government.

The CNN “Planet in Peril: Battlelines” segment did not talk a lot about the government’s responsibility in protecting the people of La Oroya, which is unfortunate.

One of the things that has become increasingly clear as I have been living in Peru and following the case of La Oroya is to see that the government has written reports condemning contamination in La Oroya and then later not taking its own advise to enact precautionary measures. The Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Energy and Mines, OSINERGMIN, and the Ministry of the Environment are all now implicated in the public health crisis in La Oroya. Minister Brack of the Ministry of the Environment would do well to use the authority that has been given to him to begin to address the situation in La Oroya with all of the ministers.

On the other hand, the company must fulfill its environmental obligations by complying with the PAMA(Program de Adecuacion y Manejo Ambiental). It appears that it has not been complying with the PAMA, and so that is why the government (OSINERGMIN) must be pressured to apply the needed sanctions and to follow up on fines that have not been paid. I’d be glad to send you the format of a letter to write OSINERGMIN.

Perhaps the most important action that could be taken, which was explained well by CNN, is for the company and its owner, Ira Rennert, to apply all of the same technologies in La Oroya that are being used in Herculaneum, so as not “environmentally discriminate” against the children of Peru. That was the question that I raised with CNN when they were down here in Peru. It is clear that even if the company were to comply with its environmental responsibilities, then it still wouldn’t bring pollution levels down to Herculaneum’s levels, even from a couple of years ago. Please remember what Tom Kruzen said. Herculaneum is no paradise either.

The Peruvian government must be persuaded by the Interamerican Commission on Human Rights (part of the OAS) to take steps that would change the emissions situation in La Oroya.

Also, the contaminated soil around La Oroya must be remediated and that responsibility also falls mostly on the shoulders of the government.

I’d also like to take this opportunity to invite you to a few different websites where you can find more information about La Oroya and Ira Rennert.

http://www.manosperu.org
http://www.savelaoroya.org
http://www.amigosdelaoroya.org

You may also join the facebook group “La Oroya que Soñamos”

Thanks for listening.

]]> Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/comment-page-1/#comment-899 Ward Welvaert Wed, 17 Dec 2008 14:30:28 +0000 http://americaninlima.com/?p=1063#comment-899 I think the mixed reaction to the CNN story in the US was predictable, since the issue of environmental protection runs into belief systems with a lot of people. You know, if it comes from CNN it must be liberal baloney, if it comes from FOX News it must be a vast right-wing conspiracy. Sadly, issues like "La Oroya" are no place to argue ideologies or belief systems, but rather a place for engineers and scientists to go and do whatever is needed to clean the mess up. BTW- thanks for mentioning my post, Barb :) I think the mixed reaction to the CNN story in the US was predictable, since the issue of environmental protection runs into belief systems with a lot of people. You know, if it comes from CNN it must be liberal baloney, if it comes from FOX News it must be a vast right-wing conspiracy.

Sadly, issues like “La Oroya” are no place to argue ideologies or belief systems, but rather a place for engineers and scientists to go and do whatever is needed to clean the mess up.

BTW- thanks for mentioning my post, Barb :)

]]> Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/comment-page-1/#comment-898 Barb Wed, 17 Dec 2008 03:19:58 +0000 http://americaninlima.com/?p=1063#comment-898 Sara, thanks for posting the links to your stories. I referenced your Mother Jones piece in my first post on the CNN special (Dec. 10). What an important story. Thanks for reminding me (graciously) that it emphasizes how Herculeum is contaminated as well. Also thanks for clarifying the inaccuracies in the CNN special. Gupta's reporting gave the impression that in the interval between your MJ piece and now, Herculeum cleaned up its act. I will read the Nation piece on Rennert and religious leaders with interest. Readers: please take the time to read Sara Shipley Hiles' stories on La Oroya, Renco and mining in Peru. Sara is being modest: she is an award-winning environmental writer who has done so much to bring to light the suffering and environmental devastation caused by Doe Run and Doe Run Peru. Reporting in depth on these issues is very tough. Journalists must spend time in dangerous, contaminated regions, asking tough questions of callous businessmen and gaining the trust of workers who fear losing their jobs for speaking out. Sara, thanks for posting the links to your stories. I referenced your Mother Jones piece in my first post on the CNN special (Dec. 10). What an important story. Thanks for reminding me (graciously) that it emphasizes how Herculeum is contaminated as well.

Also thanks for clarifying the inaccuracies in the CNN special. Gupta’s reporting gave the impression that in the interval between your MJ piece and now, Herculeum cleaned up its act.

I will read the Nation piece on Rennert and religious leaders with interest.

Readers: please take the time to read Sara Shipley Hiles’ stories on La Oroya, Renco and mining in Peru. Sara is being modest: she is an award-winning environmental writer who has done so much to bring to light the suffering and environmental devastation caused by Doe Run and Doe Run Peru.

Reporting in depth on these issues is very tough. Journalists must spend time in dangerous, contaminated regions, asking tough questions of callous businessmen and gaining the trust of workers who fear losing their jobs for speaking out.

]]> Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/comment-page-1/#comment-897 Sara Wed, 17 Dec 2008 02:38:08 +0000 http://americaninlima.com/?p=1063#comment-897 Hi Barb, Thank you for blogging on this important subject. I'm a freelance journalist and former environmental reporter for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. I have been to La Oroya and Herculaneum. While it's true that Herculaneum is much cleaner than La Oroya - in part because the U.S. EPA eventually forced Doe Run to clean up there, which the Peruvian government has not done in La Oroya - CNN's piece inaccurately portrayed Herculaneum as a problem that's been solved. I hope you'll forgive my self-promotion, but you can learn a lot about the relationship between the two towns in my story that ran in Mother Jones magazine in 2006: http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2006/11/lead_astray.html Please also see my website for a story that ran in The Nation about religious leaders putting pressure on Ira Rennert: http://www.sarashipleyhiles.com/stories/14.html Another new wrinkle is that the U.S. EPA recently slashed the lead air quality standard to one-tenth of what it has been since 1978. This means that Doe Run will have to reduce its emissions in Herculaneum even more. See http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27216428/ for more info. All the best, Sara Hi Barb,

Thank you for blogging on this important subject. I’m a freelance journalist and former environmental reporter for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. I have been to La Oroya and Herculaneum.

While it’s true that Herculaneum is much cleaner than La Oroya – in part because the U.S. EPA eventually forced Doe Run to clean up there, which the Peruvian government has not done in La Oroya – CNN’s piece inaccurately portrayed Herculaneum as a problem that’s been solved.

I hope you’ll forgive my self-promotion, but you can learn a lot about the relationship between the two towns in my story that ran in Mother Jones magazine in 2006: http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2006/11/lead_astray.html

Please also see my website for a story that ran in The Nation about religious leaders putting pressure on Ira Rennert:
http://www.sarashipleyhiles.com/stories/14.html

Another new wrinkle is that the U.S. EPA recently slashed the lead air quality standard to one-tenth of what it has been since 1978. This means that Doe Run will have to reduce its emissions in Herculaneum even more. See http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27216428/ for more info.

All the best,
Sara

]]> Camazepam For Sale http://americaninlima.com/2008/12/16/reaction-to-cnns-planet-in-peril-battle-lines-on-toxic-la-oroya-mines/comment-page-1/#comment-895 Miguel Wed, 17 Dec 2008 02:27:15 +0000 http://americaninlima.com/?p=1063#comment-895 As a Peruvian, and I think many Peruvians ponder why people continue to live there. I have always thought it was because people wanted to live there, and their lack of knowledge about the pollution, and this is probably because they are Quechua speakers. Besides that, I think the company should stop operating; it just causes to much pollution to the environment. I remember that there was a factory in Lima that polluted a lot,but probably not as much as this one, and they got it to close. So, I hope that more Peruvians get to know about this, so that there is social pressure to close this place. As a Peruvian, and I think many Peruvians ponder why people continue to live there.

I have always thought it was because people wanted to live there, and their lack of knowledge about the pollution, and this is probably because they are Quechua speakers.

Besides that, I think the company should stop operating; it just causes to much pollution to the environment. I remember that there was a factory in Lima that polluted a lot,but probably not as much as this one, and they got it to close.
So, I hope that more Peruvians get to know about this, so that there is social pressure to close this place.

]]>